大家可以在Github上clone全部源码。
Github：
Scrapy官方文档：
基本上按照文档的流程走一遍就基本会用了。
Step1：
在开始爬取之前，必须创建一个新的Scrapy项目。 进入打算存储代码的目录中，运行下列命令:
scrapy startproject CrawlMeiziTu 该命令将会创建包含下列内容的 tutorial 目录:
CrawlMeiziTu/ scrapy.cfg CrawlMeiziTu/ __init__.py items.py pipelines.py settings.py middlewares.py spiders/ __init__.py ... cd CrawlMeiziTu scrapy genspider Meizitu http://www.meizitu.com/a/list_1_1.html 该命令将会创建包含下列内容的 tutorial 目录:
CrawlMeiziTu/ scrapy.cfg CrawlMeiziTu/ __init__.py items.py pipelines.py settings.py middlewares.py spiders/ Meizitu.py __init__.py ... 我们主要编辑的就如下图箭头所示： main.py是后来加上的，加了两条命令， 1 from scrapy import cmdline2 3 cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl Meizitu".split()) 主要为了方便运行。 Step2：编辑Settings,如下图所示 1 BOT_NAME = 'CrawlMeiziTu' 2 3 SPIDER_MODULES = ['CrawlMeiziTu.spiders'] 4 NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'CrawlMeiziTu.spiders' 5 ITEM_PIPELINES = { 6 'CrawlMeiziTu.pipelines.CrawlmeizituPipeline': 300, 7 } 8 IMAGES_STORE = 'D://pic2' 9 DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.310 11 USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'12 ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True 主要设置USER_AGENT,下载路径，下载延迟时间
Step3:编辑Items. Items主要用来存取通过Spider程序抓取的信息。由于我们爬取妹子图，所以要抓取每张图片的名字，图片的连接，标签等等 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define here the models for your scraped items## See documentation in:# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass CrawlmeizituItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() #title为文件夹名字 title = scrapy.Field() url = scrapy.Field() tags = scrapy.Field() #图片的连接 src = scrapy.Field() #alt为图片名字 alt = scrapy.Field()
Step4:编辑Pipelines Pipelines主要对items里面获取的信息进行处理。比如说根据title创建文件夹或者图片的名字，根据图片链接下载图片。 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import osimport requestsfrom CrawlMeiziTu.settings import IMAGES_STOREclass CrawlmeizituPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): fold_name = "".join(item['title']) header = { 'USER-Agent': 'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36', 'Cookie': 'b963ef2d97e050aaf90fd5fab8e78633', #需要查看图片的cookie信息，否则下载的图片无法查看 } images = [] # 所有图片放在一个文件夹下 dir_path = '{}'.format(IMAGES_STORE) if not os.path.exists(dir_path) and len(item['src']) != 0: os.mkdir(dir_path) if len(item['src']) == 0: with open('..//check.txt', 'a+') as fp: fp.write("".join(item['title']) + ":" + "".join(item['url'])) fp.write("\n") for jpg_url, name, num in zip(item['src'], item['alt'],range(0,100)): file_name = name + str(num) file_path = '{}//{}'.format(dir_path, file_name) images.append(file_path) if os.path.exists(file_path) or os.path.exists(file_name): continue with open('{}//{}.jpg'.format(dir_path, file_name), 'wb') as f: req = requests.get(jpg_url, headers=header) f.write(req.content) return item
Step5:编辑Meizitu的主程序。 最重要的主程序： # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom CrawlMeiziTu.items import CrawlmeizituItem#from CrawlMeiziTu.items import CrawlmeizituItemPageimport timeclass MeizituSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "Meizitu" #allowed_domains = ["meizitu.com/"] start_urls = [] last_url = [] with open('..//url.txt', 'r') as fp: crawl_urls = fp.readlines() for start_url in crawl_urls: last_url.append(start_url.strip('\n')) start_urls.append("".join(last_url[-1])) def parse(self, response): selector = scrapy.Selector(response) #item = CrawlmeizituItemPage() next_pages = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/@href').extract() next_pages_text = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/text()').extract() all_urls = [] if '下一页' in next_pages_text: next_url = "http://www.meizitu.com/a/{}".format(next_pages[-2]) with open('..//url.txt', 'a+') as fp: fp.write('\n') fp.write(next_url) fp.write("\n") request = scrapy.http.Request(next_url, callback=self.parse) time.sleep(2) yield request all_info = selector.xpath('//h3[@class="tit"]/a') #读取每个图片夹的连接 for info in all_info: links = info.xpath('//h3[@class="tit"]/a/@href').extract() for link in links: request = scrapy.http.Request(link, callback=self.parse_item) time.sleep(1) yield request # next_link = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/@href').extract() # next_link_text = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/text()').extract() # if '下一页' in next_link_text: # nextPage = "http://www.meizitu.com/a/{}".format(next_link[-2]) # item['page_url'] = nextPage # yield item #抓取每个文件夹的信息 def parse_item(self, response): item = CrawlmeizituItem() selector = scrapy.Selector(response) image_title = selector.xpath('//h2/a/text()').extract() image_url = selector.xpath('//h2/a/@href').extract() image_tags = selector.xpath('//div[@class="metaRight"]/p/text()').extract() if selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@src').extract(): image_src = selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@src').extract() else: image_src = selector.xpath('//*[@id="maincontent"]/div/p/img/@src').extract() if selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@alt').extract(): pic_name = selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@alt').extract() else: pic_name = selector.xpath('//*[@id="maincontent"]/div/p/img/@alt').extract() #//*[@id="maincontent"]/div/p/img/@alt item['title'] = image_title item['url'] = image_url item['tags'] = image_tags item['src'] = image_src item['alt'] = pic_name print(item) time.sleep(1) yield item